What is a deep bite?
In a normal bite, the upper front teeth cover about a third of the lower front teeth. When this overlap (overbite) increases markedly, it is called a deep bite. A deep bite can occur on its own, but it is often found together with a set-back lower jaw and upper front teeth that tilt inwards.
Causes
- How the lower and upper jaws develop vertically
- Over-eruption of the front teeth or under-eruption of the back teeth
- Upper front teeth tilted inwards
- A set-back lower jaw
- Loss of bite height due to missing or worn back teeth
- Hereditary factors
What happens if a deep bite is not treated?
A mild deep bite may cause no problems for many years. However, with a marked deep bite the following problems can develop over time:
- Wear on the front teeth: The biting edges of the lower front teeth and the back surfaces of the upper front teeth can wear down.
- Gum trauma: The lower front teeth can hit the gum on the palate, causing sores and recession.
- Crowding of the lower teeth: The lower front teeth can become squeezed and crowded.
- Jaw joint: In some people, the lower jaw being locked back may be associated with discomfort in the jaw joint.
- Difficulty with prosthetics and restorations: There may not be enough room for future crowns and bridges.
Treatment options
Clear aligners
With clear aligners, intrusion of the front teeth, controlled eruption of the back teeth and correction of the inclination of the front teeth can be planned. Bite ramps on some aligners can help open up the back teeth. Many mild and moderate deep bites can be treated this way.
Brackets
For advanced deep bites or cases needing comprehensive vertical control, fixed treatment may be preferred.
Appliances during growth
If the deep bite is accompanied by a set-back lower jaw, functional appliances or mandibular advancement with clear aligners may be considered during growth.
Treatment time and stability
Because correcting a deep bite requires vertical tooth movements, it usually takes 12–24 months. A deep bite may tend to increase again after treatment, so wearing retainers regularly is important.