Hormonal changes during puberty affect not only the body but also oral health. In this period the gums become more sensitive to bacterial plaque, and even a small build-up can cause marked redness, swelling and bleeding.
Why do gum problems increase in adolescence?
- Hormonal changes: Rising hormone levels increase blood flow in the gums and their response to plaque.
- Changing care habits: Brushing habits may slip during this period.
- Diet: Consumption of snacks and sugary drinks may increase.
- Orthodontic appliances: Brackets and wires make plaque build-up easier.
- Mouth breathing: Can cause the gums to dry out and become irritated.
Signs
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Red, swollen gums
- Bad breath
- Tenderness along the gum line
- Puffy-looking gums between the teeth
Solutions
Regular, correct brushing
Brushing twice a day for two minutes with a soft brush, paying attention to the gum line, is recommended. Bleeding is not a reason to stop brushing; on the contrary, with regular cleaning the bleeding usually decreases within a few days.
Cleaning between the teeth
Floss or an interdental brush removes plaque from areas the toothbrush cannot reach.
Professional cleaning
If there is tartar, it needs to be removed by the dentist.
Diet
Limiting sugary and acidic drinks and drinking more water helps gum health.
For teenagers in orthodontic treatment
Teenagers with braces should clean around the brackets and under the wires with interdental brushes. For teenagers using clear aligners, brushing before putting the aligners in is important; otherwise the aligner holds food debris against the teeth and gums. Because gum inflammation can also affect the course of orthodontic treatment, gum condition is assessed at check-ups.
When should you see a dentist?
- If bleeding continues despite two weeks of regular care
- If there is a painful swelling or abscess in the gum
- If you notice teeth becoming loose
- If bad breath does not improve
For more on gum health, read our article on gum recession and its prevention.
