Pregnancy brings changes to the mouth just as it does to the rest of the body. Rising hormone levels, changes in eating habits and nausea and vomiting can affect the health of the teeth and gums. Taking care of oral health throughout pregnancy is important for both mother and baby.
Common oral problems in pregnancy
Pregnancy gingivitis
Hormonal changes increase the gums' reaction to bacterial plaque. Redness, swelling and bleeding when brushing are common, usually becoming more noticeable in the second trimester.
Pregnancy epulis
Some mothers develop a benign growth on the gum that bleeds easily. Most shrink on their own after the birth.
Acid effects and decay risk
Nausea and vomiting can expose the enamel to stomach acid. Frequent snacking and cravings for sweets can increase the risk of decay.
Dry mouth
In some mothers, saliva flow may change.
Recommendations
- Brush twice a day with a soft brush and fluoride toothpaste, and floss.
- After vomiting, rather than brushing straight away, rinse your mouth with water or with a teaspoon of baking soda mixed in water; wait about 30 minutes before brushing.
- For snacks, choose cheese, yoghurt, vegetables and fruit instead of sugary foods.
- Drink more water.
Can dental treatment be done during pregnancy?
Routine check-ups, scaling and necessary treatment can be carried out throughout pregnancy. Because untreated infections can be a risk to the mother's health, complaints such as pain and swelling should not be put off.
- The second trimester (roughly months 4–6) is generally considered more comfortable for planned treatment.
- Emergencies can be treated at any stage.
- Always tell your dentist that you are pregnant and which medicines you take.
- Where necessary, dental X-rays can be taken with appropriate protection; unnecessary X-rays are avoided.
- Medication use should be assessed together with your obstetrician.
Orthodontic treatment in pregnancy
For questions about orthodontic treatment during pregnancy, see our article on orthodontic treatment during pregnancy.
After the birth
Your baby's oral health matters from the first days too. It is recommended to start brushing when the first tooth appears and to make the first dental visit at around one year of age.
