A bridge is a fixed prosthesis that replaces missing teeth by taking support from the neighbouring teeth. Over time you may notice the gum receding at the edges of the bridge or under the replacement tooth (pontic). This matters both for appearance and for health, because exposed root surfaces are more prone to decay and sensitivity.
Why do gums recede under a bridge?
Plaque build-up and gum inflammation
The area under a bridge and around the supporting teeth is harder to clean than normal spaces between teeth. Plaque that builds up can cause gum inflammation and, if untreated, loss of gum and bone.
Poorly fitting margins
If there is a gap or overhang where the bridge meets the supporting tooth, this area traps plaque and irritates the gum.
Bone loss
After a tooth is extracted, the jawbone in that area gradually becomes thinner. The gum under the pontic can change shape along with it, and a gap can form between the bridge and the gum.
Hard brushing
Brushing with a hard brush and side-to-side strokes contributes to mechanical gum recession.
Smoking
Smoking impairs blood flow to the gums and can allow gum disease to progress silently.
Which signs should you watch for?
- A change in gum level at the edge of the bridge, visible root surface
- Bleeding when brushing
- Food collecting under the bridge and bad odour
- Sensitivity to hot and cold in the supporting teeth
- A feeling that the bridge is loose (for details, see our article on loose dental bridges)
Treatment options
Treatment is planned according to the cause and degree of recession:
- Professional cleaning and gum treatment: Scaling and, if needed, deep cleaning (curettage) to bring inflammation under control
- Improving care habits: Using a suitable interdental brush, bridge floss or water flosser under the bridge
- Replacing the bridge: Remaking the bridge if the margins no longer fit or the gum level has changed noticeably
- Gum surgery: In suitable cases, covering exposed root surfaces with a gum graft
- Alternative planning: In some cases, options such as replacing the missing tooth with an implant may be considered
Caring for a bridge
- Brush twice a day with a soft brush
- Clean under the bridge every day with bridge floss or an interdental brush
- Have a check-up every six months and scaling when needed
- Do not smoke
Gum changes under a bridge often progress without obvious symptoms. Regular check-ups help catch the problem at an early stage.
