Short answer: Dental scaling (detartrage) is the removal, with special instruments, of the hardened layer of plaque that has stuck to the tooth surface and the gum pocket. When performed correctly, it generally does not harm the teeth. Its frequency varies from person to person; once or twice a year is recommended for many people, but the decision belongs to the clinician according to the state of the gums.
How does tartar form?
A soft layer of bacteria (plaque) constantly builds up on the teeth. Plaque that is not removed by regular brushing and flossing combines with minerals in saliva and can harden within a few days. This hardened deposit is called tartar (calculus), and it cannot be removed at home with a brush.
Problems tartar can cause
- Redness and swelling of the gums and bleeding when brushing
- Bad breath
- Gum recession and damage to the tissues around the teeth
- Gum disease in advanced stages and loosening of the teeth
For gum problems, you can read our article on gum recession.
How is the cleaning done?
- Examination: The gums and the tartar build-up are assessed.
- Ultrasonic tip: Tartar is broken up by vibration and flushed away with water.
- Hand instruments: Fine curettes are used in hard-to-reach areas.
- Polishing: The surfaces are smoothed, making it harder for plaque to stick again.
- Care advice: Brushing technique and flossing are reviewed.
A more extensive cleaning may be needed in people with deep gum pockets.
Does it harm the teeth?
Scaling performed with the correct technique does not wear down the enamel and does not open gaps between the teeth. The reason you may feel gaps between the teeth after cleaning is that areas previously filled by tartar and swollen gums are uncovered. If there is existing gum recession, sensitivity may increase temporarily.
How often should it be done?
- Generally once or twice a year in people with healthy gums and little build-up
- More often in those with a history of gum disease, who smoke or who form tartar quickly
- In people undergoing orthodontic treatment, maintenance intervals are planned by the clinician
For the effect of smoking on the gums, you can have a look at our article on smoking and dental health.
What is normal after cleaning?
- Mild sensitivity and tenderness of the gums in the first days
- Short-lived bleeding if the gums are inflamed
- The teeth feeling smoother
If complaints last longer than a few days, a check-up is needed. At home, a soft brush, brushing twice a day and daily flossing help slow the return of tartar.
Is scaling the same as curettage (deep cleaning)?
No. Detartrage is the cleaning of deposits on the tooth surface and around the gum line. If the gum pockets have deepened and bone loss has begun, a more extensive periodontal treatment, in which the root surfaces are cleaned separately, may be needed. Which one is appropriate is decided after the examination.
What can be done at home to reduce tartar formation?
- Brush twice a day for at least two minutes with a soft brush.
- Use daily floss or an interdental brush to clean between the teeth.
- Cut down on sugary and sticky snacks.
- Try to stay away from cigarettes and tobacco products.
- Do not skip your regular check-ups.
For general oral care, you can make use of our page on the importance of dental health.
Tartar during orthodontic treatment
While wearing braces or clear aligners, oral hygiene requires more care. Residue that collects on aligner surfaces and around brackets can affect the gums. On this subject, you can have a look at our article on oral hygiene with clear aligners.
What to know before cleaning
Before coming to the appointment you can brush your teeth as usual. If you have sensitivity, or a condition that causes a tendency to bleed, or you take medicines, mention this in advance. Cleaning generally takes around half an hour; the time varies with the amount of build-up.
When should you see a clinician right away?
- Gum bleeding that occurs on its own, independent of brushing
- A feeling of looseness in the teeth
- Pus around the gums or a persistent bad smell
- Marked gum recession
These signs may call for a more extensive gum assessment than cleaning.
Cleaning during pregnancy and chronic conditions
During pregnancy, hormonal changes can make the gums more sensitive; scaling can mostly be done safely, but the timing and the procedure should be planned with the clinician. For details, you can read our article on pregnancy and dental health. In conditions such as diabetes, heart disease or the use of blood thinners, the clinician needs to be informed beforehand.
Frequently asked questions
Does scaling whiten the teeth?
No. The teeth may look cleaner once surface deposits are removed, but tooth colour does not change; whitening is a separate procedure.
Is scaling painful?
Most people feel only mild discomfort; if the gums are inflamed or there is sensitivity, local anaesthesia can be applied.
Can tartar be cleaned at home?
Hardened tartar cannot be removed at home; only regular brushing and flossing help reduce new build-up.
How can you find out what suits you?
The information here is general; the right plan for you is determined by examination and clinical assessment. For appointments and directions, you can look at our contact page. At our clinic in Oran, Çankaya, Ankara, we go through your questions together.
