Teething is a natural process that starts around 6 months in most babies and continues until about 2.5–3 years. Some babies become quite unsettled during this time, while others show almost no signs. What matters for parents is recognising the normal signs and knowing safe ways to soothe.
Common signs of teething
- More drooling and a red rash on the chin
- Putting everything in the mouth, wanting to bite
- Swollen, tender gums
- Fussiness, changes in sleep
- Reluctance to feed
Signs that should not be put down to teething
High fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, a rash or a prolonged refusal to feed are not usual signs of teething. In these cases there may be another cause, so see your paediatrician.
Safe ways to soothe your baby
- Massage with a clean finger: Gently pressing on the gum can ease the itching.
- Chilled teether: Sturdy, one-piece teethers cooled in the fridge (not frozen) can be used.
- Wiping away drool: Dry the chin and neck often with a soft cloth to prevent skin irritation.
- Calming routines: Holding, distraction games and a regular sleep routine can help.
What to avoid
- Teething necklaces (amber etc.): They carry a risk of choking and swallowing.
- Teethers that can break into small pieces or are filled with liquid
- Numbing gels applied to the gums: Some ingredients can cause serious side effects in young babies, so do not use them without asking a doctor.
- Putting sugary liquids or honey on a bottle teat
- Giving pain relief medicine on your own: Your paediatrician should decide whether it is needed and the dose.
Caring for the first teeth
Care starts as soon as the first tooth appears. Brushing twice a day with a soft baby toothbrush and a rice-grain-sized smear of fluoride toothpaste is recommended. Giving milk or fruit juice from a bottle at night raises the risk of baby bottle tooth decay.
When should you see a dentist?
The first dental examination is recommended after the first tooth appears, and no later than around the first birthday. If you are concerned about when the teeth are coming through, see our article on when your child's teeth come in late.
