Short answer: Composite bonding (also called composite veneers) is a cosmetic procedure in which a tooth-coloured filling material is placed on the tooth surface in layers and shaped. In most cases very little or no tissue is removed from the tooth surface. It is easier to repair than porcelain veneers; on the other hand, it is more prone to discolouration and wear over time.
What is composite bonding and how is it done?
Composite is a resin-based, tooth-coloured material that is also used for fillings. In composite bonding the dentist places this material directly on the tooth, shapes it by hand and hardens it with a special light. The surface is then refined and polished. Because the procedure usually does not need a laboratory stage, it can be completed in a single session or a small number of sessions; the time depends on the number of teeth being treated.
The steps followed during the procedure are roughly as follows:
- Examination, X-rays if needed and assessment of the general health of the teeth
- Choosing the shade and discussing expectations together with the patient
- Cleaning the tooth surface and preparing it for bonding
- Placing and shaping the composite in layers and hardening it with light
- Checking the bite and polishing the surface
In some cases a mock-up or digital design may be made before planning. Take a look at our article on digital smile design for more on this.
When is it considered?
Composite bonding may come up for limited cosmetic problems such as small chips, slight shape irregularities, small gaps between teeth, colour differences or teeth that look short. Who it is suitable for is decided by the dentist according to the condition of the tooth tissue, the bite, any teeth-grinding habit and expectations.
There is an important note here: if the teeth are crowded or noticeably out of position, trying to correct only the appearance with composite may not always be the right path. In such cases, first moving the teeth into the right position orthodontically and then, if needed, making small cosmetic touches may be considered. We explain these options on our crowded teeth and gaps between teeth pages.
How does it differ from porcelain veneers?
Both procedures aim to improve the front surface of the tooth cosmetically; however, the material and the method of making them are different. For general information on porcelain veneers, see our article on laminate veneers.
- How it is made: Composite is shaped directly in the mouth; porcelain veneers are usually made in a laboratory after an impression or scan and then bonded to the tooth.
- Tooth tissue: With composite, in most cases very little or no reduction is done; porcelain veneers usually need limited preparation. This varies with the person and the plan.
- Colour and surface: Porcelain is considered more resistant to discolouration. Composite, on the other hand, can change colour over time with factors such as tea, coffee and smoking.
- Repair: With composite, small chips or wear can often be repaired directly in the mouth. When a porcelain veneer breaks, it usually needs to be replaced.
Which one is right for you depends not only on the choice of material but also on the condition of your teeth, your bite and your expectations.
How long does composite bonding last?
How long composite bonding lasts varies considerably from person to person. The main factors affecting this are:
- Oral hygiene and regular check-ups
- A teeth-grinding or clenching habit
- Habits such as nail biting, chewing pens and using your teeth to open packets
- Biting hard foods with the front teeth
- Staining drinks and smoking
Over time the surface may become dull, change colour or develop small chips at the edges. In most cases these can be dealt with by polishing or small repairs; sometimes replacement may be needed. Knowing from the start that composite bonding is a procedure that needs maintenance keeps expectations realistic.
What should you pay attention to in care?
- Brush twice a day with a soft-bristled brush; avoid abrasive powders and hard brushes.
- Clean between the teeth with floss or an interdental brush.
- Rinse your mouth with water after drinks such as tea, coffee and red wine.
- Smoking can speed up discolouration of composite. For the effects of smoking on oral health, see this article.
- If you clench your teeth at night, tell your dentist; a protective night guard may be recommended.
- Polishing the surface and checking the edges at regular check-ups helps preserve the look of the bonding.
How it relates to whitening
Composite material does not change colour with whitening. So if you are thinking of whitening your teeth, it is generally recommended to do this before the composite work; that way the composite shade can be chosen to match your whitened teeth. For whitening options, take a look at our article teeth whitening methods.
What should be discussed at the examination?
Before deciding on composite bonding, it helps to discuss your expectations openly with your dentist. Which teeth will be included, the shade you want, the length and shape of the teeth and how the procedure will affect your bite are clarified in this conversation. Your gum health, existing fillings and whether there is any decay are also assessed; if there is gum inflammation or decay, these are usually treated first. It is also important for your satisfaction with the result to know from the start that composite may need maintenance and replacement over time and that discolouration can vary with your habits. Our article on the golden proportion may also give you an idea about proportions and gum appearance in smile aesthetics.
Frequently asked questions
Does composite bonding damage the teeth?
In most cases very little or no tissue is removed from the tooth surface. Even so, as with any procedure, correct planning and good oral care are important; regular check-ups are needed to prevent decay at the edges.
Can composite bonding be removed?
Composite can generally be ground off and removed by the dentist while preserving tooth tissue. However, if the tooth was reduced before the procedure, whether the tooth can return to its previous state depends on how much preparation was done.
Does composite bonding change colour?
Over time, discolouration can occur because of staining foods and drinks, smoking and inadequate care. Regular polishing and good oral care can slow this process.
Can composite bonding be done on crowded teeth?
It may be considered for mild irregularities; however, with marked crowding, discussing the orthodontic treatment option first is often a more appropriate approach. The decision is made through an examination.
How can you find out what suits you?
The information here is general; the right option for you is determined through an examination and the dentist's assessment. For appointments and directions, see our contact page.
