Short answer: A veneer is a thin layer of porcelain bonded only to the front surface of the tooth and is usually considered for colour, shape or small gap problems in structurally sound front teeth. A zirconia crown, on the other hand, covers the tooth on all sides and requires more tooth preparation; it comes up for teeth with large fillings, fractures or root canal treatment, or where a bridge is needed. Which one is suitable is decided by the dentist according to the condition of the tooth.
What is a veneer?
A veneer (laminate veneer or porcelain veneer) is a thin porcelain shell bonded to the front surface of the tooth. The back of the tooth and most of its structure are kept in their natural state. Veneers are usually used on the front teeth that show when smiling. For more detailed information, see our article what are porcelain veneers.
In most cases veneers are considered for the following needs:
- Discolouration that does not respond to whitening
- Slight differences in tooth shape and length
- Small chips or wear
- Small gaps between teeth
What is a zirconia crown?
A zirconia crown covers all surfaces of the tooth. Its framework is made of zirconia, a durable ceramic material, and it can be layered with porcelain for aesthetics. It can be used on front and back teeth, and may also be chosen when making a bridge to replace missing teeth. For a general comparison of crown types, take a look at our article on dental crown types.
In most cases zirconia is considered for the following needs:
- Teeth with large fillings or significant loss of structure
- Root-canal-treated, weakened teeth
- Fractured or cracked teeth
- Back teeth that take heavy chewing loads
- Situations where a bridge is needed because of a missing tooth
Key differences
Tooth preparation
For a veneer, usually only a thin layer of enamel is removed from the front of the tooth; in some cases it can be applied with very little or no preparation. With a zirconia crown, more material is removed from all around the tooth so the crown can sit over it. In both cases the tooth tissue removed does not grow back, so the decision should be made carefully.
Where they are used
Veneers are mainly used for cosmetic corrections on front teeth. Zirconia can be used in front and back areas where there is a need for both aesthetics and strengthening the tooth.
Appearance
Both can be planned to look natural. Because a veneer is thin, it may be better suited to preserving the translucency that comes from the tooth's natural structure. With zirconia, colour and opacity can be an advantage, especially when dark teeth underneath need to be masked. The result depends on the material used and the planning.
Durability and care
How long both restorations last depends on oral care, habits such as teeth grinding, the bite and how regularly you attend check-ups. For the factors affecting the care and lifespan of zirconia, see our article zirconia crown lifespan and care.
What is assessed when deciding?
- How much of the tooth is sound: A veneer may be more suitable for a sound tooth with few fillings, and a crown for a tooth with significant loss of structure.
- The position of the tooth: For front teeth the cosmetic expectation comes first, for back teeth the chewing load.
- Bite and habits: If there is teeth grinding or clenching, extra precautions may be needed with either option.
- The degree of discolouration: With very dark staining, the need to mask it can affect the choice.
- Gum health: Restorations made without treating gum problems may not achieve the expected fit and harmony.
- Tooth alignment: With crowded or gapped teeth, it is important to consider the orthodontic option beforehand.
Should orthodontics be considered first for crowded teeth?
If the teeth are crowded, rotated or tilted forwards, more tooth tissue may need to be removed to achieve a straight look with veneers or crowns. In this situation, aligning the teeth with orthodontic treatment first can help get closer to the expected look later with less preparation, or sometimes without any need for restorations at all. For these options, see our crowded teeth treatment and treatment of gaps between teeth pages. As an alternative that requires less preparation, composite bonding may also be considered in some cases.
Care after treatment
Veneers and zirconia crowns do not protect the tooth against decay and gum disease; plaque collecting at the edges of the restoration can cause decay in the tooth underneath or inflammation of the gums. That is why brushing twice a day, cleaning with floss or interdental brushes and regular check-ups are important. Biting very hard foods with the front teeth, chewing pens or nails, and using your teeth to open packaging can cause fractures or cracks in restorations. If you clench or grind your teeth at night, your dentist may recommend a protective night guard.
What happens during the planning process?
At the examination the condition of the teeth and gums is checked, and X-rays are taken if needed. The person's expectations are then discussed, and the possible result can be assessed in advance with digital planning or temporary models. You can find information about this process in our article how digital smile design works.
Frequently asked questions
Which looks more natural, veneers or zirconia?
Both can be planned to look natural. The result depends on the material, the shade chosen, the initial condition of the tooth and the planning.
Is the tooth prepared for a veneer?
Usually a thin layer of enamel is removed from the front of the tooth. In some cases veneers can be applied with very little or no preparation; the dentist assesses this according to the condition of the tooth.
Can veneers be placed on back teeth?
Veneers are mostly used for cosmetic purposes on front teeth. Because the chewing load is greater on back teeth, different restorations are usually considered there.
Can orthodontic treatment be done after veneers or zirconia crowns?
It may be possible, but bonding brackets or attachments to a restoration surface may require different techniques. That is why, if there is a tooth alignment problem, it is usually more appropriate to consider orthodontics before restorations.
How can you find out what suits you?
The information here is general; the right option for you is determined through an examination and the dentist's assessment. For appointments and directions, see our contact page.
