Parents of a child with toothache often ask, “Will it go away if we start antibiotics?” Yet for most tooth-related problems, the real solution is for the dentist to treat the source of the problem. Antibiotics are used only in certain situations, as support for treatment.
Why are antibiotics not a solution on their own?
In a decayed or infected tooth, the source of infection is inside the tooth. Antibiotics may not reach this area well enough through the bloodstream, and as long as the source is not cleaned out, the symptoms return. That is why, for tooth-related infections, the priority is treatment such as removing the decay, root canal treatment or, if necessary, extraction.
When may antibiotics be considered?
- Swelling spreading in the face or gums
- General symptoms such as fever and fatigue
- Signs of a rapidly progressing infection
- Some cases of injury
- General health conditions, such as certain heart conditions, that require preventive antibiotics before a procedure
Whether antibiotics are needed, which medicine and for how long is decided by the dentist or paediatrician.
When are they usually not needed?
- Toothache without fever or swelling
- Limited, local gum inflammation
- Routine fillings or simple extractions
- Fussiness during teething
Unnecessary antibiotic use can lead to problems such as diarrhoea, allergic reactions and bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
What parents should keep in mind
- Do not use old antibiotics at home or medicine prescribed for another child.
- If prescribed, use the medicine for the full period and in the way the doctor advises; do not stop early because the symptoms have eased.
- Always tell the doctor about any history of drug allergy.
- Even if antibiotics are used, do not skip the follow-up appointment to treat the tooth that caused the infection.
Situations needing urgent care
- Swelling spreading towards the eye or neck
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing
- High fever and marked fatigue
In these situations, go to the nearest healthcare facility without delay.
Prevention is always easier
Treating decay early greatly reduces infections and the need for antibiotics. For prevention, see our article on ways to prevent decay in children.
